Stanford University School of Medicine is the oldest medical school in the western United States. Its clinical affiliates include Stanford Hospital and clinics; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital; the Palo Alto Veterans' Administration Medical Center; and other community affiliates. The 464 students enrolled in the M.D. program and 368 students enrolled in the Ph.D. program at the Stanford University School of Medicine are served by a faculty of 712 individuals. The school has among its faculty two Nobel Prize winners and 26 members of the National Academy of Sciences. In 2000-2001, faculty members received grants and contracts totaling more than $267 million in support of research, teaching and patient care. Research and clinical milestones at Stanford include: the first successful human combined heart/lung transplant in the world; first report of successful use of monoclonal antibodies to treat cancer; isolation of a gene coding for part of the T-cell receptor, a key to the immune system's function; development of treatment to enhance patients' immunological response against B-cell lymphoma with genetically engineered vaccine from their own tumors; and discovery of a protein that appears to be a root cause of type 1 diabetes, and prevention of the disease in mouse experiments. The University has ongoing research programs in the areas of AIDS, cardiovascular medicine, neurological diseases, cancer treatment, mental illness, arthritis, stroke and others.